Timing Mediation Initiatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Timing Mediation Initiatives - Essay Example tween Israel and Hamas, where neither party could overcame one another, hence the need of secret negotiations for purposes of stopping the war (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). This was a stalemate, and hence it is a proof that when it occurs, then the time is ripe for mediation. In determining a stalemate, and making a decision on whether it is ripe for mediation, there is a need of assessing the costs of the conflict, and analyzing the losses that both parties have suffered (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). If the organizations have suffered numerous losses, and the costs of maintaining the conflict is becoming expensive, then this is the right time of mediation. Furthermore, there is a need of looking if there are changes in the leadership of an organization. If these changes occur, chances are high that the new leadership would embrace peace, and hence there is a need of starting the process of mediation (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). An example is the end of the 1992 war between Israel and Palestine, with the emergence of a new leader, Itzak Rabin. It is important to explain that if a new leadership that does not embrace dialogue and reconciliation come to power, chances are high that the mediation efforts would fail. For instance, the emergence of Tassos Papadopoulos as the Greek leader of the Cypriots was able to reduce any chances of a peaceful settlement between the Greek Cypriots, and the Turkish Cypriots (Zartman & De Soto, 2010). Subjective indicators also play a role in determining whether a conflict is ripe of mediation or not. This includes the utterances of influential leaders within the parties to a conflict. This is because these leaders have the capability of influencing the party leadership into entering into a negotiation or

Belonging Essay on Strictly Ballroom & the Sisters Anthology Essay Example for Free

Belonging Essay on Strictly Ballroom the Sisters Anthology Essay â€Å"An individual’s interaction with others and the world around them can enrich or limit their experience of belonging.† The intrinsic nature of mankind strives for a sense of belonging; this sense of belonging is fulfilled when one has reached a physical or emotional affinity with an entity. One’s sense of belonging emerges from positive and negative experiences and notions of identity, relationships, understanding and acceptance. Moreover, positive connections allow one to feel security, acceptance and input meaning into their lives. In contrast, negative connections are the reverse; one may feel alienated, depressed and feel a need to create or deteriorate a personal or cultural identification. Positive and negative interactions, imparting an essential role in influencing one’s sense of personal, familial and social belonging is effectively explored in Baz Luhrmann’s romantic comedy film Strictly Ballroom (1992) and the anthology Sisters. An authority figure, head of an organisation, expectations of conformity by followers negatively affects the followers’ or one’s sense of personal belonging. Luhrmann’s Strictly Ballroom effectively undertakes the exploration of this idea through the portrayal of the young ‘non-conformist’ Scott Hastings struggle to win the Pan Pacifics competition by the pursuit of his own personal dance; a rebellious action ensured to disrupt the natural order of the Australian Dance federation or ballroom dancing world, operated by the corruptive Barry Fife. As Scott throws his polka dot t-shirt in a corner of the studio revealing a simple shirt underneath, this is a simultaneous suggestion of his ‘breaking away’ from his old ballroom partnership with Liz and reliance on ‘flashy clothes’ to self-express himself in ballroom dance; further suggesting that his sense of belonging towards traditional ballroom dance has been shifted into feeling a sense of belonging towards his own personal dance. An agreement on a partnership ensues when both Scott and Fran, a girl with a Spanish background, share similar desire s to dance non-federation steps at the Pan Pacifics. However, Barry attempts to deceive Scott into dancing the traditional federation steps at the Pan Pacific’s. He asserts: â€Å"We are hoping you will win the trophy that he could not. He wouldn’t want me to do this, but I’m begging you, dance with Liz.† The natural lighting on Scott and his long-sleeved, loose cotton white shirt effectively capturing his youth and grace and illustrating a sense of freedom contrasts to Barry, as a dim light surrounds him and he is wearing a  formal black suit that hints towards self restriction. Lurhmann has intentioned this to foreshadow what style of dance will prevail in the Pan Pacifics and to demonstrate the freedom that follows with choosing not to conform, and, to highlight the imbalance of power, encouraging audience empathy for Scott. After Scott does not see through the deception and familial belonging drives him into agreeing to dance federation steps instead of pursuing his own personal style in the Pan Pacific’s he is inevitably affected in a way, as his sense of personal belonging received through his personal non- federation dancing is limited. An individual who has undertaken a physical transformation into a more appealing image by another individual can positively influence their sense of social and physical belonging. This notion is effectively explored in Lurhmann’s Strictly Ballroom (1992) through the portrayal of Fran’s progression from a meek unattractive woman into the ideal representation of a female ballroom dancer. Luhrmann’s constant use of high power shot when filming her on her parts by herself and the symbolic meaning of her glasses of meekness in comparison to the norm, reflect on her little power. Fran’s unattractiveness as a result of her neglected like state makes her a representation of reality in the ‘unrealistic’ and ‘fake’ world of traditional ballroom dancing reliant on flashy costume and heavy make-up, and is what successfully separates her from it. Therefore, as a result of her appearance, her sense of belonging is limited. However, pressures and expectations placed on her to conform to the ideologies of ballroom dancing women instigate her transition from an unattractive woman into a more appealing woman, where she becomes no longer a representation of reality. Liz compliments Fran’s more appealing appearance: â€Å"You look lovely Fran. You have been using that Buff puff I gave you haven’t you?’’ Second person device and rhetorical question is used to reveal to the responder that her physical transformation was a result of living up to the ballroom dancing pressures and expectations of conformity, and not an act from personal decision. Within this scene, medium shot is simultaneously used to emphasise Fran’s now surpassing beauty than her elders and the shot positioning Fran of equal height to Liz, Les and Doug suggests that since now she is at a higher attractive level the balance of power is equal despite age, rank and gender. As they converse, the positive expressions on Fran’s, Les, Liz and  Doug’s face and Fran’s open and confident stance illustrates that this physical transformation into a more appealing image has enriched Fran’s social and physical belonging. (These two paragraphs and conclusion done all in Biology) The restriction’s placed on an individual due to the unavoidable interactions with others and parts of the world limits their sense of personal belonging and can be dealt with escape and interaction with the wider world. The nonfiction extract from Sisters, an Anthology, undergoes the exploration of this idea through the reflection of a narrator’s relationship with her two sisters, Mary and Phoebe and her best friend, Beth. The narrator articulates that the inevitable differing perspectives of her blood-related sisters lead to an incomprehension which further leads to a state in their relationship where â€Å"too much cannot be spoken† as â€Å"too much hangs on whose version prevails†. Hence, this imperfect relationship is contrasted with her relationship with Beth where â€Å"there is not a sliver of difference between us† and â€Å"where I cannot imagine the life I lived before, a world without the most perfect of sisters† to draw out the imperfection and forced nature in terms of the bonds of sisterhood. She has an exile to enrich her sense of personal belonging that is limited at home and finds it with interaction with the landscape and experiences with the world. â€Å"I had a life brimming over with sparkling stories which I sent to them on the back of postcards of shinny harbours and bright reefs. They had drizzle and guinea pigs to bury, and dogs to drag out of the river.† The positive connotation of â€Å"shinny†, â€Å"sparkling† and â€Å"bright† highlights a key and unforgettable moment of the narrators life to the responder whilst these words contrary to death, indicate her feelings of youth and vitality, and hence belonging, which is further contrary to the negative connotation of ‘drag’; that relates to a restriction of choice and images of death. Also, the great vastness, lighter colour and greater height of water of the ‘reef’s’ and ‘harbours’ juxtaposed with the restrictive nature, dullness of the ‘river’ highlights her feelings of freedom and reiterates her vitality and hence again, greater sense of belonging. Overall, this reflects the narrator’s greater sense of belonging in interaction with the wider world, allowed from her exile, rather than the restricted space of sisterhood or unavoidable interactions with others.  The conception of family, appearance and expectations of conformity by the authorities and the world around them negatively and positively affects an individual’s sense of personal belonging.

Consumer Behavior Essay -- Business, Supermarket

This essay is based on an analysis of our observation on consumer behaviour which took place at a supermarket. As a means of interpreting the data, the following theories and concepts would be used which are social construction, pester power and independent and interdependent self views...... Social construction PESTER POWER DEFINITION Pester power can be defined ‘as a child’s attempts to exert influence over parental purchase in a repetitive and sometimes confrontational manner’ Nicholls and Cullen (2004:77). Procter and Richards (2002:3) suggest that pester power is ‘the repeated delivery of unwanted requests’. Parents are bombarded with requests, gestures and pleas from their children to buy items like foods, toys and clothes and most often children who carry out this act get what they want (Nicholls and Cullens, 2004). Children might be influenced by either their peers at school (Smithers, 2010) or by advertisements seen on the television (Chandler and Heinzerling, 1998, Smithers, 2010). DEFINITION OF FREUDIAN PERSONALITY THEORY Freudian personality theory is otherwise known as the psychoanalytic theory and it is often used by marketers to influence the purchase decisions of customers unconsciously (Bettany, 2011 and Solomon, 2011). The Freudian personality theory is composed of three categories namely the id, the superego and the ego. The id according to Freud is part of our unconscious being as it functions with regards to the pleasure principle; the pleasure is applicable to the id as it seeks immediate gratification of needs (Bettany, 2011 and Solomon, 2011). Hoch and Loewestein (1991:498) suggest the id is the ‘primary process of thinking’ that is impulsive, stingy and illogical whose aim is to seek pleasure only,... ...essed by Lee and Karen (2000) which reports a strong correlation between ones interdependent self concept and group relationship motives for purchasing goods. Which reiterates’ beliefs that spending so much money on status signifying clothes will be detrimental to groups goals and objectives which may include feeding and other general welfare necessary in a family setting. Strong evidence found by Millan and Renolds (2011) suggests that consumers possessing a high independent disposition were more inclined to shopping activities via regular visits to clothing shops, keeping up with latest trends and information obtainable in at shops thereby spending more money on clothing than interdependent consumers, reason being that consumers with a strong independent self concept tend to satisfy wide variety of symbolic and hedonic needs through this means of consumption.

The Dictators Essay -- History, Politics, War

The twentieth century, unlike any other before it, saw dramatic changes in many different areas such as science, technology, politics, religion, and society. One of the most important and definitely the most obvious change is the increasing deadliness of war. Granted, people have died in wars from the very beginning, but in the twentieth century wars began to generate much higher body counts both among the contending armies and among civilian populations, the latter being the most drastic change in number of casualties. Similarly, in the twentieth century, two opposing dictatorships arose. Although both had many similarities, they represented the culmination of two different political ideologies that had flourished in Europe since the mid-nineteenth century. It all stems back to World War I, which produced a disillusioned public that increasingly sought to change their circumstances in life but attempted to do so outside of the established system. The two regimes are simply th e two exact extremes that were produced in this reaction. National Socialism represents an ultra-conservatism that goes way beyond the boundaries of conservatism as known today, whereas Communism represents ultra-liberalism. Because these two were so ideologically extreme on the right and left ends of the political spectrum respectively, in fact, the wrapped all the way around, so to speak, so that they were not actually that far from each other ideologically after all. So, the question is: if the ideology of the two regimes was so different, why then were there so many similarities? What really tied them together was the rejection of the same prevalent doctrine: liberalism (Overy 639). Both preached against the bourgeoisie and praised the common ... ...ent a similar occurrence in the future. It is important to look at these as archetypal examples of repression born from paranoia and ideologies twisted into bizarre shadows of their former intent. Although they are the two most studied and famous, there are other regimes throughout global history that can be approached in much the same way. For example, in terms of ideology, an historian could approach communist China or, in terms of genocide, one could approach the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia using the knowledge gleaned from the study of National Socialism and Communism. Similarly, it may be possible to use that same knowledge to foresee when a country might be headed towards such a regime and to attempt to prevent it from doing so. That way, the legacy of these regimes is not one of terror and bloodshed but instead one of helping to prevent more bloodshed.

The Awakening – a Feminist Analysis

The Awakening  is a  novel  by  Kate Chopin, first published in 1899 , set in  New Orleans  and the Southern  Louisiana  coast at the end of the nineteenth century. The plot centers on Edna Pontellier and her struggle to reconcile her increasingly unorthodox views on femininity and motherhood with the prevailing social attitudes of the turn-of-the-century  South. It is one of the earliest American novels that focuses on women's issues without condescension. It is also widely seen as a landmark work of early  feminism. Kate Chopin’s  The Awakening  was a bold piece of fiction in its time, and protagonist Edna Pontellier was a controversial character.She upset many nineteenth century expectations for women and their supposed roles. One of her most shocking actions was her denial of her role as a mother and wife. Kate Chopin displays this rejection gradually, but the concept of motherhood is major theme throughout the novel. Edna is fighting against the so cietal and natural structures of motherhood that force her to be defined by her title as wife of Leonce Pontellier and mother of Raoul and Etienne Pontellier, instead of being her own, self-defined individual.Through Chopin’s focus on two other female characters, Adele Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz, Edna’s options of life paths are exhibited. These women are the examples that the men around Edna contrast her with and from whom they obtain their expectations for her. Edna, however, finds both role models lacking and begins to see that the life of freedom and individuality that she wants goes against both  society  and nature. The inevitability of her fate as a male-defined creature brings her to a state of despair, and she frees herself the only way she can, through suicide.All throughout â€Å"The Awakening,† Kate Chopin shows examples of how women should and should not act in society, in their homes, and with their husbands. In Edna Pontellier's adopted society, women are viewed more valuable when they conform into the mother-woman role. The mother-woman role is another form of men control, because it dictates how women should idolize their children, worship their husbands, and honor their isolated but inferior positions      As the novel progresses, Edna begins to make increasingly â€Å"open-eyed choice[s] to defy illusions and conventions†.Throughout the novel Edna becomes increasingly sexual, also becoming aware of her sexuality. Her bond of friendship with Robert seems harmless at first, but when he leaves for Mexico Edna believes she is in love with him: â€Å"For the first time she recognized anew the symptoms of infatuation. . . to torture her as it was doing then with the biting conviction that she had lost that which she had held, that she had been denied that which her impassioned, newly awakened being demanded† (Chopin 44).Edna has never had any sexual encounters with Robert, yet her emotions are so a roused by her close friend she is â€Å"infatuated† with him. Until this point, Edna seems to have not realized her feelings for Robert. In time she will call these feelings love, but at this point she is deeply upset because the man she is â€Å"infatuated† with is leaving. Edna’s emotions have been stirred for the first time in a long time, and she is unwilling to merely deal with the fact that the man who did this is leaving.Edna goes into a childlike pout, neglecting the familial duties she previously completed without fail. Edna’s awakening comes in two parts, the emotionally sexual awakening she experiences with Robert and the physically sexual awakening reached with Arobin (Seyersted, Kate Chopin 155). When Robert leaves her the first time, she is upset and broods, unable to believe he left so abruptly, and without saying goodbye. Arobin cannot gain this control over Edna’s emotions, as she distances herself from him and restrains herself fr om becoming too emotionally attached.Through her experience with Robert, Edna has learned to keep her emotional distance from men, lest she be hurt again. Edna is definitely a more sexual being now than previously in the novel. Before she recoiled at the touch of her closest friend, and now she is indulging in a forbidden kiss, holding Arobin close to prolong the contact. She is also more reserved. Arobin is quite anxious to see Edna again, but Edna pushes him away telling him she will see him at her dinner party, â€Å"not an instant sooner† (Chopin 82).Edna takes control of the situation, pushing Arobin away when he begs to see her again, having come to an enlightened state of being, learning from her mistakes and being an active force in her own life. Edna now makes decisions (such as moving out of the house) based on what is right for her, choices that will drastically affect her life, doing so with open eyes and a clear head. Edna is feminist in nature, but her feminism comes with a price, and not many people are strong enough to endure social ostracizing to enjoy personal freedom.Chopin wonderfully illustrates Edna’s dilemma, showing possible consequences of becoming enlightened outside the context of a broader social movement. By the end of the novel, Chopin still refuses to tell us whether Edna’s awakening is liberating, or if it is tragic. They argue that Edna Pontellier’s awakening is one of mental clarity, and her suicide is a triumphant act. By committing suicide Edna is finally freeing herself from social constraints and possession. Her suicide is an act of liberation, therefore Edna is the ultimate feminist.

Homing In and Plain Honing

Homing In and Plain Honing Homing In and Plain Honing Homing In and Plain Honing By Maeve Maddox Kristi Landis writes: When one wants to get more detail on something is it called â€Å"homes in† or â€Å"hones in†? Until I researched this question, I knew of only two uses of hone as a verb: the literal meaning of â€Å"to sharpen,† as on a whetstone (also known as a â€Å"hone†), and the figurative meaning â€Å"to improve,† as in â€Å"to hone one’s skills.† Hone Your Skills: Become A Better Data Center Manager Honing Skills: This section is devoted to articles on honing and improving your writing skills, by editing, critiquing or discussion. Tomko looks to hone his skills during â€Å"lull† in WWE career Surgeons Hone Skills on Nintendo Wii The OED also gives these dialect meanings for hone as a verb: to delay, tarry, hesitate; to whine or pine for; to hanker after. I’ve heard and read the expression â€Å"to hone in† used with the sense of focus on or get closer to, but always assumed that it was a mistake for â€Å"to home in.† Ive always assumed that the expression to home in originated with â€Å"homing pigeons that return to the place they were hatched. However, in the OED examples of early use, â€Å"home† is used without the â€Å"in†: 1875 Live Stock Jrnl. 23 Apr. 57/3 Pigeons home by sight and instinct. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 12 Apr. 9/1 The first [pigeon] homed at nine oclock. The homing habits of pigeons may have caused aircraft technology to adopt the verb: 1920 Wireless World Mar. 728/2 The pilot can detect instantly from the signals, especially if ‘homing’ towards a beacon. 1956 Amer. Speech XXXI. 228 A good officer could even ‘home in on a bottle of whisky’ placed on the landing field. This use of â€Å"home in on’ is used figuratively to describe other ways in which one comes closer to an object or subject of importance: 1971 New Scientist 16 Sept. 629/1 Mexicos Professor S. F. Beltran homed in on education as a critical need. Substituting â€Å"hone† for â€Å"home† in the expression may have begun as an eggcorn, but it has become common enough for the OED to give it its own entry: intr. to hone in. To head directly for something; to turn ones attention intently towards something. Usu. with â€Å"on†. Cf. HOME Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Driver License vs. Driver’s LicenseAffect vs. Effect

buy custom U.N Rights Violation essay

buy custom U.N Rights Violation essay Introduction Violence refers to deliberate use of corporal power or force, to threaten or actually harm, another person, oneself, or on a group of people like children or women resulting to death, injury, mal-development, or psychological distortion. Violence against children is a global issue that results to public-unhealthiness. Though injustice and poverty victims have had difficulty being understood, historically, none of them has had more difficulty if compared to the plight of children. Violence against children takes place in various forms for instance physical injuries, negligence, or psychological torture. This happen at different levels and the perpetrators include individuals, institutions, households, and the society. This essay therefore establishes the state of children rights and the major contributors to violence against children rights in the global context. Violence against children takes place worldwide but the statistics may vary from one region to another. For instance, countries such as India, Pakistan, and Nepal tend to report more issues on children rights violation including child labor, sexual abuse, and child trafficking. India has been said to have the largest number of working children. However, these statistics could be misleading given that state administrators may give low numbers to protect images of their countries. A recent research in eight Asian nations discovered that 33 to 50% of the sex workers were the same previous victims of child abuse (Brett, 2009). One basic human rights principle laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Children have been assigned special protection by the UN legal framework. Nevertheless, there are no strong legal mechanisms to protect this right. In addition, international law and local legislations are not homogeneous and this leads to conflict of interests. Childrens rights protection under international treaty law can be traced back to the first Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopted by the League of Nations in 1924, which was a brief document containing only five principles by which member were invited to be guided in the work of child welfare. Children enjoy protection by way of general human rights provisions, and their relevance should not be underestimated. The U.N has continued to guard the rights of children under four principles, namely; childrens right to equality, the best interest of the child, the childrens right to life and development and the respect for childrens own views (Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2005). However, these provisions only remain in papers as a number of states continue to abuse them as demonstrated by the rising cases of child trafficking, and child labor among other vices. Children Rights Violation Children are said to be every countrys future and for that reason; the United Nations (UN) members in 2002, undertook to conform to eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by the year 2015 with six of the said goals directly associated with children. All these goals that are strongly associated with the commitment made by all governments of the UN General Assembly at the 2002 Special Session on Children in 2002. All nations promised to work with the goal of promoting and protecting the rights of every child. A study conducted by the Convention on the Rights of the Child on behalf of the UN in 2001 emphasized on the rights of children to personal and physical integrity. The study also outlined Countries responsibilities in protecting children from all kinds of mental and physical violence such as sexual, exploitation, or demeaning punishment (Detrick, 1999). It is however hard to implemen these measures in developing countries due to high levels of poverty, whose remedy at times would be engaging children in forced labor to put food on table. In addition, severity of HIV/AIDS affects ability of parent to feed their children and this leave rare option for restricting child labor. The UN member countries are obliged to pass protective measures in order to ensure that no children rights are violated and if any is, they should ensure that the victims get the assistance and support necessary for recovery. In the Pacific and the East Asia Region, numerous regional pledges have been made and continue to be implemented at different levels in order to combat childrens problems of sexual exploitation, abuse, and trafficking. Children rights violations are mostly circumstantial and are contributed by elements that may be either positive or negative. Violation of childrens rights is not a new phenomenon and recent worldwide development especially the technological advancements have greatly challenged the efforts of the UN and other stakeholders to stop this criminality. Various global economic features and political affiliations have affected children protection and well-being. The aspect of rapid urbanization is good for many economies and livelihoods but it also contributes greatly to violation of childrens rights (UNICEF, 2001). This is because; urbanization may tend to erode social security systems of families and communities, at the same time, slacken import barriers, and improve transport and communications networks facilitating cross-national movements and thus encouraged illegal activities such as child trafficking. Some nations have violated childrens rights in the name of patriotism. Children are forced into making sacrifices in order to protect their country. These children engage in risky national activities, for instance, in some developing countries and other politically unstable nations such as Sierra Leone, Sudan and Rwanda, children were used as spies and war soldiers during wars all in the name of patriotism (Van Bueren, 1998). Nevertheless, at times political set ups do not recruit children in their troop. State of a country may also make a child to develop interest in becoming a soldier at early age. Vice is political influence in recruiting children in military troops. Violation of children rights has however been greatly contributed to by negative societal factors. For instance, the main targets for children violators and other abusers are the children from marginalized ethnic groups and financially unfortunate families who are subjected to many types of social segregation. This is because these children live in poor and politically unstable regions and they face numerous financial adversities. Due to their unfortunate nature, some of these children live in slums, streets and in socially segregated groups. Some ethnic minorities are illegal immigrants and thus, they lack most certifications, causing them to lack the necessary access to legal employment, education, and legal migration channels. This unfortunate lot of childrens right to safe delivery, good maternal health, proper nutrition, medical heath (Van Bueren, 1998). Stigmatization of HIV/AIDs born children by families and the society due to ignorance and poverty by the society strongly contributes to the continuous discrimination, violence and abuse and consequently causing the children to seek alternative livelihoods and becoming vulnerable to being violated (UNICEF, 2001). In addition, most HIV/AIDs infected and affected children from developing countries have been orphaned and are thus under kinship care, mainly under the aged and weak persons. These caretakers have other problems and are thus incapable of caring and providingg for these children. Having no strong person as guardian makes the children to be very susceptible to abuse and violence. The U.N has funded and supported programs that can help to strengthen work on advocating and researching on the key causes societal issues including HIV/AIDS and at the same time, assists the infected and affected children to access to basic services such as education, healthcare, and protection against violators. In the year 2000, about 2.3 million children who are below the age of 15 from the developing world have continually become orphans because of HIV/AIDs related mortalities with one child dying every 14 seconds (UNICEF, 2001). However, there are still the biggest hurdles that surround such good initiatives. There is vast corruption especially in developing countries that make monetary allocation have little impact in rescuing the condition of children. Political instability in some nations is also a huge contributor to violation of childrens rights. War-torn countries go through many problems that affect its citizens especially children directly in an enormous and unprecedented way. For instance, in war times, many children have been wounded, murdered or taken away from their families and communities. Due to wars, many children have been orphaned and have exploited sexually or through military recruitment. The girl child has especially been gravely affected by war. Greed for control of landmines and production of small arms and weapons also threatens lives of children every day. This is because conflicts in many regions are caused by such economic greed, interest and the desire to have power over valuable natural resources (Brett, 2009). This kind of interest in some industries is responsible for stimulating wars that bring dreadful violations of childrens rights by causing them to suffer mal-nutrition due to low production of food. In the 1996 UN General Assembly, Machel gave a report on awareness and collection of information on the childrens plight that are affected by armed conflict. Conclusion Children have the right to health, right to nutrition and the right to education. In addition, children also deserve to be protected; they deserve to be free from brutality and mistreatment and they deserve to have a safe and caring environment. Some children have the chance to enjoy these rights while others are amongst the most susceptible groups in the society. Some progress by individual families, the society, and concerned organizations have been made in the struggle against children trafficking and sexual exploitation of children (Brett, 2009). These positives fight against violating the rights of children has been evidenced worldwide with the increase in consciousness and acknowledgment of the issues by government heads. Other key decision makers worldwide and the general public are also rallying the efforts of fighting violation of childrens rights. Children globally have however continued to be violated through trafficking on a daily basis and the trend of these victimization and maltreatment incidents is continually increasing. Most of these violations of childrens rights have been observed in the disadvantaged countries, communities, and families. This means that more than anything else, the vices are heightened by the poverty, ignorance, political instability, diseases such as HIV/AIDs and discrimination. All these contributors are negative aspects of the society. In order for the society to solve curb childrens rights violation, they first need to deal with improving and eradicating these aspects (Detrick, 1999). Otherwise, children rights violation will continue to exist at both the local and international levels. Buy custom U.N Rights Violation essay

Quality Management in Education

Quality Management in Education Introduction Improving the quality of education around the world has become an important activity as many institutions of higher education (colleges and universities) struggle to create better educational opportunities for their current and prospective students. According to various stakeholders in the education sector, quality management has become one of the fundamental components of higher education in the 21st century.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Quality Management in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The access to education is no longer an important fundamental component of education as quality education continues to gain centre stage in many educational institutions. Basic education is now deemed insufficient or incomplete if it is not accompanied by quality management in teaching and learning strategies. Quality education has gained a lot of importance as it is used in the development of exce llence, knowledge and expertise which are vital aspects in the growth of an economy (Ali Shastri, 2009). Many educational institutions around the world have developed strategies that will be used in the establishment of higher education to ensure that there is quality in education provision. This has mostly been possible as a result of the increasing importance and value placed on leadership and leadership skills within organizations. Gaining good leaders to be established in the world is only possible when there are developed systems of higher education that will ensure efficiency and effectiveness remain as the sole criteria of evaluating performance (Ali Shastri, 2009). The purpose of this study will be to determine what institutions of higher learning have to do so as to achieve quality in their educational objectives, missions, visions, goals and strategies. The study will first discuss the aspect of quality and quality management in a general sense and then focus on how qual ity management is applied in educational institutions. Quality Management Quality management is part of the management strategies that are aimed at achieving quality goals within organizations through the execution of organizational activities such as planning, monitoring, control and quality assurance to ensure quality has been achieved in the business processes and operations of an organization.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quality management is based on principles such as customer focus, cost leadership, product/service development and the continual improvement of a company’s operations so as to achieve a competitive edge in the market. The most commonly used quality management technique in organizations is the total quality management (TQM) approach which aims at improving the total quality of business operations within an organization (Cua et al, 2001). O ther approaches that are used in quality management include ISO performance improvement standards (ISO certification), quality management systems, quality function deployment and the six-sigma quality management technique. The main objectives of all these quality management approaches are to organize the efforts of employees within organizations so that their work performance produces outputs that are of a high quality and standard (Anand et al, 2010). The main component of quality management is quality which is defined as the degree to which a certain group of intrinsic properties satisfy certain requirements. The term intrinsic properties refer to the innate or permanent properties that exist in certain aspects, matters or situations where these properties meet the expectations of outlined standards or requirements (Dahlgaard et al, 2002). Quality applies to products, services, business operations, organizational systems and interdependent processes that exist within an organizati on. Quality within organizations ensures that the products or services developed by organizations have met the requirements set by the organization’s managers or by the ISO standards that are used to determine the quality of an organization’s products (Cummings Worley, 2008). The concept of quality is based on positive and dynamic ideas that involve achieving the design of meaningful investments rather than negative aspects that lead to product or service defects. Because quality is both a dynamic and positive idea, it has the ability to continuously evolve making the concept an endless journey that has a deliberate purpose which is that of improving the standards of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Quality Management in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Quality and quality management are both customer-focused approaches that are meant to improve the processes of an organ ization through the use of interdependent systems such as planning, evaluation, control and quality assurance (Mukhopadhyay, 2005). The current view of quality management in today’s modern organization is that it is a system made up of interdependent processes that have been linked in a lateral way meant to create a network of internal and external collaboration between suppliers and customers. These interdependent processes have been connected to represent the company’s mission and purpose so that it can be able to achieve its objectives and goals (Bilen, 2010). Another view of quality management is that the people (employees or workers) of an organization are the tools that give organizations a competitive edge over their rivals. It enables employees to contribute to the overall growth and success of the organization by allowing them to participate in leadership activities, creativity and intelligence building as well as managerial capacity building (Daft Marcic, 20 08). Quality Management in Education Quality management in education is a fairly new concept as the main focus of education in the past has been on ensuring that there is a general accessibility to education by all. This focus has however shifted as more and more educational institutions focus on ensuring that there is accessibility to education that is of a high quality. According to Simin and Xuqing (2005), there are two views that exist on education quality with the first one stating that the quality in educational activities is usually reflected by the quality of students an institution of higher learning is able to churn out to the job market after it has measured their performance against the institutions objectives and goals. The second view of quality education is based on whether the products offered by educational institutions are able to fully maximize the potential and ability of students so that they can be contributing members of the society. These views propose the id ea that education is based on the transformation of students so that they can be contributing members of the society (Sallis, 2002). Quality in the education sector is therefore measured on the type of input and output processes that take place in educational institutions. The input in education according to Ming and Hualin (2011) refers to teaching and learning strategies that are used to instill various concepts and methodologies to students while output refers to students who have actively been transformed through teaching and learning strategies.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The transformation of students does not only depend on the amount of teaching, training or research they have been given but also on their level of active involvement in the transformation process. This means that the same instructors or teachers working for the same educational institution cannot be able to produce the same cadre of students once the transformational process is over. Also, the active involvement of students in the transformation process varied in nature as every student has their own individual expectations of the learning exercise and also the type of outcomes that will be gained from once they have undergone educational transformation. Quality in education therefore refers to the type of educational activities that will be used to satisfy the requirements of the society by building and nurturing the intellectual capacity of students (Ming Hualin, 2011). Tribus (2010) developed quality principles based on the works of Edwards Deming to reflect quality in educatio n. According to Tribus, the first principle in quality education refers to the redefinition of education where the role of faculty advisors, deans, lecturers and student advisors is translated to reflect quality provision of educational services. This principle discusses how various educational providers work within a system similar to that of an organization. The job of the faculty head or vice chancellor of the institution is to work on the system so as to constantly improve it continuously with other members of staff. Constant improvement refers to finding better ways of improving the quality of education with institutions of higher learning (Tribus, 2010). The second principle of quality in education according to Tribus (2010) is that quality improvement is the answer to any educational problem that might be experienced within the educational institution. This principle involves determining the customer’s perceptions of quality and using this perception to develop educati onal programs that will meet their expectation. According to Pfeifer (2002), the quality of any process is usually defined by the type of customers included in the transformation process. Quality management views the customer as the person who is next in line to receive a service or purchase a product and quality will therefore depend on the type of process that is used to meet the expectations of the customer. This according to Tribus (2010) gives rise to an internal customer which in the education context refers to students who are customers of course instructors. The third principle proposed by Tribus (2010) in explaining quality in education is the process over product principle where attention is placed on the process that is used to develop or improve the product. In the educational context, this principle can be translated to mean that if the student’s performance is to be improved, attention needs to be focused on the teaching or learning process and not on the passin g of examinations. This means that the individual potential of students needs to be discovered so that the level of development in the student can be used to develop suitable learning or teaching strategies. Attention is therefore not focused on evaluating and defining the potential of the student but on developing learning techniques that will be used to develop problem-solving abilities. The application of this principle in the quality management of education in higher education institutions involves both the teacher and the learner working together to improve the educational process of the student (Tribus, 2010). The fourth principle of quality in education is the perversity principle which involves improving the performance of a system of people, processes, procedures and practices where goals and objectives are developed for the individual parts of the system. The most commonly used quality management technique in implementing this principle is the management by objectives (MBO ) approach where the manager and subordinate agree on what the subordinate needs to accomplish so as to meet organizational targets. In the educational context, the course instructor and student agree on the course objectives that the student needs to achieve for them to be able to excel and meet their educational requirements (Tribus, 2010). These principles demonstrate quality management in education is depicted in terms of its impact on the students who are targeted by educational programs. Quality management in education targets the improvement of teaching and learning processes so as to transform students during the learning process. Quality management is therefore an inevitable factor that will be used by institutions of higher education to shape their teaching processes so that they can be able to satisfy the various expectations of stakeholders such as parents, students and the society at large. Quality management will ensure that educational goals and objectives developed b y academic institutions have been met and satisfied (Sahney et al, 2004). Application of Quality Management in Universities The basic roles and functions of higher education include seeking and cultivating new knowledge that will enable students to engage in the vigorous pursuit of information, providing the right kind of leadership skills that will help individual learners to develop their potential, equip society with competent individuals who will be trained in various professions and also promote equality or social justice to reduce any instances of social and cultural differences that might arise without any form of education. Higher education in universities and other institutions of learning also seeks to foster teacher student relationships that will instill certain attitudes and values that are needed to develop individuals as well as bring universities/colleges closer to the society at large through the extension of knowledge (Ali Shastri, 2009). Quality management in hig her education is made up of dimensions such as consistency where the education process seeks to provide quality that is consistent in nature, fitness to purpose where quality meets the customer’s specifications, value for money where students pay for course programs in return for efficiency and effectiveness and transformative educational dimensions where education is viewed as an ongoing process that is meant to transform and empower students. Quality management in education therefore seeks to incorporate the above-mentioned dimensions to ensure that there is quality higher education (Becket Brookes, 2008). To be able to achieve total quality management in higher education, universities and colleges need to first create an awareness of the need for quality improvement in their educational programs. This will involve identifying the various segments of teaching or learning programs that are in need of improvement and then informing the relevant actors of the need for change or improvements. Once this is done, goals need to be developed and set to ensure that there is a continuous improvement of the educational programs within the institutions of learning. Once the goals have been set, the next step will involve building organizational frameworks and institutions that will be used to achieve the set out goals (Borahan Ziarati, 2002). These frameworks will include establishing quality councils and selecting project teams for these councils that will be used to achieve quality goals. These frameworks will then be used for quality training where course instructors and lecturers will be trained on how to provide quality education to students. The progress made in quality educational improvement will be monitored to note if there are any inconsistencies in the improvement exercise and also any successes in the programs will be recorded for future developments and improvements. Such strategies and steps can be used by institutions of higher learning to impro ve the quality of education so that students can be able to achieve excellence in their studies (Bogue Bingham, 2003). When it comes to determining how these strategies can be used to improve the quality of education, certain aspects need to be considered for quality management to be successful. These aspects include the inputs, processes and outputs that make up the educational system where inputs include the transformational processes used to in part knowledge to students. Inputs are used within the transformation process to be transformed into outputs that are released back into the external environment. In the context of education, inputs are the human, physical and financial resources needed to make higher educational courses successful and they include students, faculty members and administrators (Hodson Thomas, 2003). Processes on the other hand refer to various operations or actions that are used to transform the inputs into outputs that can be measured against set out goa ls and objectives. The educational process involves a series of actions that are used to train, teach and transform students through educational programs, courses and classroom sessions. The transformational process within an institution of higher learning involves activities that are meant to disseminate knowledge while at the same time conduct research which will be beneficial to the learning process. Outputs are the tangible outcomes of the transformational process and they can either be value addition outcomes which include student employment, examination results and earnings or intangible outcomes which include educated people, contributing members of the society and contributing members of research work (Koslowski, 2006). These three aspects need to be considered when designing quality management systems that will be used to improve education in higher institutions. Once the suitable frameworks have been identified for improving inputs, processes and outputs, extension activit ies will be developed to apply these frameworks in the real educational context. Since the educational system does not operate in isolation, the extensional activities have to incorporate certain factors that exist in the external environment such as socio-cultural factors, economic factors, technological and political factors. These factors need to be considered as quality education ensures that the various problems within society can be solved. Extensional activities will therefore ensure that quality management in education has been directed towards promoting the development of the local community (Pratasavitskaya Stensaker, 2010). Conclusion The purpose of this study has been to assess the concept of quality management in higher educational institutions and also what strategies can be used to achieve quality management in educational programs. The discussion has focused on the aspect of quality in the general context and also in the education setting by identifying the various aspects that are used to improve organizational operations and processes. Quality in organizations involves ensuring the goods, services and processes used within organizations have met certain requirements or standards such as the ISO quality standards. Quality in education on the other hand involves transformational processes that will be used to improve the outputs of the learning process. The study has propagated various techniques and steps that educational institutions can use to improve the delivery of educational content to their students. References Ali, M., Shastri, R.J., (2009). Implementation of total quality management in higher education. Asian Journal of Business Management, 2 (1): 9 -16 Anand, G., Ward, P.T., Tatikonda, M.V., (2010). Role of explicit and tacit knowledge in six sigma projects: an empirical examination of differential project success.  Journal of Operations Management, 28(4): 303- 315 Becket, N., Brookes, M., (2008). Quality management practice in higher education: what quality are we actually enhancing? Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and  Tourism Education, 7(1): 40-54 Bilen, C., (2010). Total quality management in higher education institutions: challenges and future directions. International Journal of Productivity and Quality  Management. 5(4): 473-492 Bogue, E.G., Bingham, H. K., (2003). Quality and accountability in higher education. Cincinnati: Praeger Publishers Borahan, N.G., Ziarati, R., (2002). Developing quality criteria for application in higher education sector in Turkey. Total Quality Management, 13(7): 913-926 Cummings, T.G., Worley, C.G., (2008). Organization development and change. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning Cua, K.O., McKone, K.E., Schroeder, R.G., (2001). Relationships between implementation of TQM, JIT and TPM and manufacturing performance. Journal  of Operations Management, 19(6): 675-694 Daft, R.L., Marcic, D., (2008). Understanding management. Mason, Ohio: South Western Cengage Le arning Dahlgaard, J.J., Kristensen, K., Kanji, G.K., (2002). Fundamentals of total quality  management: process analysis and improvement. London, UK: Taylor and Francis Hodson, P., Thomas, H., (2003). Quality assurance in higher education: fit for new millennium or simply year 200 compliant. Higher Education, 45(3): 375-387 Koslowski, A.F., (2006). Quality and assessment in context: a brief review. Quality  Assurance in Education, 14(3): 277-288 Ming, L., Hualin, Z., (2011). Research and discussion on the education quality  construction for colleges and universities. Zhengzhou, China: Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management Mukhopadhyay, M., (2005). Total quality management in education. New Delhi, India: Sage Publications Limited. Pfeifer, T., (2002). Quality management. Munchen, Germany: Hanser Verlag Pratasavitskaya, H., Stensaker, B., (2010). Quality management in higher education:towards a better understanding of an emerging field. Quality in Higher Ed ucation, 16(1); 37-50 Sallis, E., (2002). Total quality management in education. London, UK: Kogan Page Limited Sahney, S., Banwet, D.K., Karunes, S., (2004). Conceptualizing total quality management in higher education. The TQM Magazine, 16(2): 145- 159 Simin, W., Xuqing, Z., (2005). Educational quality and control modes of mass storage of higher education. Journal of Technology College Education. 10: 105-106 Tribus, M., (2011) Quality management in education. California: Exergy Incorporated

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No topic, just paraphrase - Essay Example In each proceeding year, a greater market share is set to be captured and the expected figures are shown in the table below: This market projection is based on the assumption that upon completion, Cantus will be operating as a subscription service. This digital-only subscription model is a rare model in the publishing sheet music industry and it can prevent direct completion with other businesses in the sector. The second assumption is that Cantus will also include mobile apps in its business model and will not only rely on its website to share sheet music. Mobile apps that are supported by both Apple and Android can help expand the market and hence the number of mobile internet connections can prove to be a critical factor for the Internet Publishing and Sharing industry. As a startup venture, the marketing budget is constrained. In the initial stages, social media network apps such as Twitter and Facebook will have to be used for reaching out to users. This will entail paying Facebook or Twitter a small fee to have the app show up on the newsfeed of people who are opinion leaders and have a lot of ‘likes’ on their profile. The demand gap is expected to be low since there is no direct competition for Cantus. This gap can be filled by analyzing customer needs and communicating to the customers how Cantus is the right product for them. Factors such as per capita disposable income, consumer sentiment, unemployment rate and leisure time can prove to be decisive factors in affecting market growth changes. The projected growth rates for the last five years have been met but there has been no instance where the actual growth rate surpassed the projected growth rate. This could be because of 2 reasons: The 6% annualized growth rate for the next five years is a good projection keeping in mind the unanticipated macroeconomic factors. The company is confident that it can take advantage of the increased

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Labour Law seen examination - Essay Example Thus, each individual application must be treated on the merits. Fareeda Fareeda may be able to make a claim for direct discrimination given that she surpassed all the requirements that were listed by Allan in their invitation. However, there is no express mention by the Allan’s of any reason that they may have considered to select Lady Monique in Fareeda’s place. The only statement that may allude to any discrimination is their justification of Lady Monique’s associations with ‘the right sort of families and the right sort of children’. From the facts of Mandla v Dowell Lee [1982]1, it follows that Muslims may also form part of a nationality with distinct ethnic origins in order to be classified as a racial group for the purposes of the Race Relations Act 1976. The scope of discrimination was expanded by this Act to people who were treated unfavorably as a result of racial profiling of third parties (Weathersfield Ltd v Sargeant)2.  With the incep tion of the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003, religious discrimination took statutory form by protecting people with â€Å"any religion, religious belief or philosophical belief†. ... However individually she may not be able to be compensated for her grievance and her remedy must be based on the validity of the claims of the other applicants. Beverly McLaughlin Beverly also fulfills the requirements of the job offer. Her claim would be based on the assertion that she was discriminated on account of her age which is protected under the Equality Bill 2006. Given that she was more than qualified for the job, the Allan’s belief that Lady Monique would have more connections with the right families and the right children could be more than attributable in Beverly’s favor since she has more experience as a nanny working under an extremely wealthy employer for 20 years. Lady Elizabeth Porter Lady Elizabeth Porter can assert that she was discriminated against on account of her blindness under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 as amended by the Disability Discrimination Act 2005, since her disability qualifies as one recognized by s.1 of the 1995 Act (as amended by s.18 of the Act of 2005); â€Å"a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities†. Her credentials are also far superior than that of Lady Monique’s. Moreover, the Allan’s are no longer under the protection of the 1995 regime which exempted employers with less than 20 employees, as the 2005 amendment changes that to include small employers as well. However, in this case, the Allan’s can resort to the defense of ‘justification’ since the child to be taken care of is 2 years old and would require to be tended to much more closely than a blind person can afford. Under the act, this defense may be

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Social problems - Essay Example Families are affected by globalization, unemployment, downward mobility, changing economy, fashion and trend etc that are characteristics of a society. Thus the authors' comment that the society shapes the family means that today's families are controlled and influenced by the social system tremendously so that the family system is determined by the rules and characteristics of the society rather than the other way around. Though the role of the family has changed greatly over the years and there are many hurdles in the cohesive existence of family, nobody can deny the significant role that a family plays in the development of the individual and the society. The primary function of a family is the overall development of a human being and thereby assisting the society to achieve progress and growth. To exemplify this with my own family, it is the agency that has shaped the person I am today. It taught me the primary lessons of social life and individual growth and established a right basement for my entire progress. The same system helped me in my character formation and behavioral pattern that enables me to distinguish right from wrong and good from evil. In my view the coexistence of different individuals for a common cause is the most significant element of the family life. There is no family life when individuals are parted and seek their own interest.

Information tech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Information tech - Essay Example ed on the behavioral aspects of management accounting information, management accounting information is a necessity in business due to its capacity to change the financial position and performance of business. This has an impact on managers responsible for drawing business objectives since they are the major users of such information (Vitez 196). Depending on the level of information details available, business management decisions are based on good management information system and are only as good as how well and current information is provided. Fulfillment of business objectives is based on critical decisions, and not guesses work about elements such as budgets and costs. Through maintaining a good management accounting system, managers are able to spruce up their probability of making ideal business decisions. Even though information may not be the only key thing in business, it provides a real important component in decision making process (Vitez 198). Therefore providing inform ation improves the quality of decisions which result to actions that contribute to the fulfillment of the objectives of the business in the best way possible. In summary, providing management accounting information will not only improve the quality of business decision making, but also increase business efficiency, maximize profitability, simplify financial statement, control the cash flow of the business, increase financial reforms, reduce expenses, and solve problems and conflicts, and better financial reporting (Vitez

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Misbeliefs about languages - Essay Example t in their language since the relational frame theory suggest that children naturally acquire their language through interaction with their own environment. â€Å"Skinner ( 1978 ) defined verbal behavior as any behavior on the speaker as reinforced through mediation of a listener who is trained by a verbal community so as to mediate such reinforcement† ( Hayes, et.al, 2001). Drawing from the post-skinner theories, it can be deducted that children learn through social interaction. Their own environment at home is enough to provide them with basic proficiency. For example, a toddler is usually taught by the parents to speak even baby words depending on the context of their culture. Later on, the parents are surprised by the ability of their children to speak some words that they haven’t taught. In fact, some homes are multi-lingual and children do not have a hard time acquiring a second or third language especially when it is frequently spoken at home. The second argument is that â€Å"the English language traces its ancestry back to Latin†. Again, this is a false statement since the roots of the English language is actually from Old English. History tells us that during the 5th century, the group of Anglo-Saxon settlers that invaded the eastern coast of Great Britain were the one s that brought this type of Old English. The modern English language cannot have its roots in Latin since it is considered a West Germanic language. The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary cites the etymology of the word "English" which is actually derived from 12th century Old English  englisc  or  Engle, plural form  Angles. The English Club illustrates the historical development of the English language: These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders - mainly into

Information tech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Information tech - Essay Example ed on the behavioral aspects of management accounting information, management accounting information is a necessity in business due to its capacity to change the financial position and performance of business. This has an impact on managers responsible for drawing business objectives since they are the major users of such information (Vitez 196). Depending on the level of information details available, business management decisions are based on good management information system and are only as good as how well and current information is provided. Fulfillment of business objectives is based on critical decisions, and not guesses work about elements such as budgets and costs. Through maintaining a good management accounting system, managers are able to spruce up their probability of making ideal business decisions. Even though information may not be the only key thing in business, it provides a real important component in decision making process (Vitez 198). Therefore providing inform ation improves the quality of decisions which result to actions that contribute to the fulfillment of the objectives of the business in the best way possible. In summary, providing management accounting information will not only improve the quality of business decision making, but also increase business efficiency, maximize profitability, simplify financial statement, control the cash flow of the business, increase financial reforms, reduce expenses, and solve problems and conflicts, and better financial reporting (Vitez

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Accounting - Essay Example There may be mandatory precise formats and standards for statutory accounts. 3. Financial accounting must abide by predetermined accounting principles that are generally accepted whereas management accounting is basically an estimate, which emanates from the fact that exact figures required do not exist every time crucial decisions need to undertaken. 4. Financial accounting yields financial accounts usually prepared at the end of a trading period, mostly a year. On the other hand, management accounting yields accounts that are prepared at any time depending on the frequency at which the management requires such accounts. 2. Vertical analysis: every financial statement line item is expressed as a fraction of another. It helps managers to assess the proportion of an account with respect to other accounts over a particular period. 4. Operating budget: this enables managers to assess the variances of the budget from actual outcomes. It helps the management to plan business expenditure for a given period and maximize

A rose for Emily Essay Example for Free

A rose for Emily Essay In William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the focus is on Miss Emily and her Southern upbringing. In the South during Miss Emily’s life time for a woman not to be married was socially unacceptable. In Southern society during this time, and even today, it was encouraged and believed that to be happy it was necessary for one to be married. Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a classic example of Southern literature because of the importance of family, community, religion, time and place. Miss Emily represented the importance of all of these things on Southern society. Miss Emily, is forced to conform to her father’s Southern societal values. Her family represented a monument of the past; Emily was referred to as a â€Å"fallen monument.†. She was a relic of Southern gentility and past values. She was considered fallen because she had been proven susceptible to death and decay. Like the rest of the world Miss Emily’s father chased away any and all men that tried and wanted to marry her. Miss Emily was very controlled by her father. He was very protective of her and extremely dominating. This kind of family environment for women was typical of southern society. Miss Emily herself represented, â€Å"a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation. Miss Emily was merely a product of her environment. William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† displays an ideal of the antebellum Southern society that is ofte n still associated with the south. Faulkner succeeded in writing a work of Southern literature that displays a romantic pull of the past and the idea that submission to this romance was a form of death thematically, death conquers all. The story of Miss Emily Grierson from Yaknapatawpha County is a tale depicting the romance of the South combined with the story itself created a captivating atmosphere, a world where no one wants.

Dealing with conflicts within a family

Dealing with conflicts within a family Most families in todays society will have to deal with a wide range of conflicts and issues concerning the sociology of the family. The purpose of this is essay is to evaluate the consensus and conflict theories of the family and to analyse the concept of gender roles within the family. It will also focus on the feminist critiques of the traditional approaches to the family, and examine two sociological explanations for domestic violence/ abuse within the family Consensus and conflict theory (Task 1) Consensus can be described as an agreed position or a set of values that stresses the importance of behaviour by learning to adjust to society and conforming to a set of norms and values. Whilst the conflict theory focusses on the uneven sharing of power within society and groups such as the workforce, which are in conflict with each other in terms of status and power. However both theories see the origin of human behaviour as being one that is shaped by structure rather than agency. Therefore it can be argued that consensus is a concept in which a common group is founded, whilst conflict can be said to be a disagreement of ideas and principles between people or society. (Giddens, A, 1997) Functionalism and the Family Consensus theory can be related to functionalism. Functionalism focusses on the need for people to conform to an agreed set of norms and values regardless of wealth, culture, race, sex or religion. This theory is carried through to their view of the family. Functionalism focusses on the Nuclear family which is one whos structure comprises of two generations, those being the parents who are joined in a monogamous marriage, and their children. The Nuclear family which evolved through the need to retain property within the family that could then be passed on to future generations supported an industrialist society as the set up of a two parent house hold would enable the father who is looked upon as the head of the house to go out and support a work industry in order to provide for his family, whilst the mother who remains at home would take care of the house and raise their children. (Giddens, A, 2006) Functionalism sees the family as a harmonious unit with the husband and wife living in agreement, and any future products of this marriage (children) being taught through primary socialisation which takes place within the family, the norms (e.g., accepted forms of behaviour and common culture) and values (e.g., value of life and money) of the society in which they are to grow up in. Moore (2001:324) states that the basic socialisation takes place in the family and it is here, through parents and relatives, that we learn the accepted morality of society. Marxism and the Family Marxism which can be related to the conflict theory, like functionalism views the family as an institution which socialises the children that are born into it. However, unlike functionalism which focuses on the family working to promote a consensus society which works as one to benefit everyone, Marxism has a different view of the family. They believe that opposition between profitable establishments such as manufacturing plants (which form a ruling class through individual possession and finance) and the majority of the population who will provide the labour for these institutions, exists. Marxism views the family (which produces the workers who will provide the labour for these economic institutions) as a unit which enables the class differences between the workers and the ruling class to remain and one which also allows for the exploitation of the workers as the status of the ruling class is maintained through the profit they receive from the products of the workers labour. Harala mbos and Langley(2003:39) states institutions such as the family, the education system and the political system are shaped by the requirements of capitalism and serve to support and maintain it. Marxists are of the opinion that patriarchy (which sees the husband adopting the role of the head of the home) exists within the nuclear family. They believe that patriarchy in the family evolved within a capitalist society due to the ownership of private property. Any of the wifes property once married came under the ownership of her husband and could then be passed on to lawfully-begotten inheritors, leading to the wife having no means of living independently from her husband. As cited in Haralambos and Langley (2003:39) In The Origin of The Family, Private Property and the State, first published in 1884, Friedrich Engels argued that the modern nuclear family developed in a capitalist society. Private property is at the heart of capitalism and it was largely owned by men. Before 1882 in Britain, Married women could not own property- it passed on to their husband on marriage. Patriarchy within the home allowed the husband who feels inferior in the workplace to assert his authority over his wife and family who are dependent on him as the bread winner in the family. He would take out his frustrations of work on the family and used dominance as a means of order and control. Moore (2001 167) states that It is women who have their careers interrupted by childbirth and women who carry the main responsibility for childcare. Women are therefore more likely to be financially dependant on their partners, which gives them less power over decision-making in family matters. Feminism and the Family Feminist Sociology is a controversial subject with wide and difficult boundaries. It is an issue that is not just about women, but one that is for women. It is believed that feminism started in the early19th century due to the increasing perception that women face injustice and inequality in a society they feel is dominated by men, be it the workplace or the home. Feminists are of an opinion that the family is one which allows for the control of women by men, through patriarchy. They believe that the ownership of property that is bestowed to men leads to domination of women within the home. The wife cannot cause conflict within the family unit by having a difference of opinion to that of her husband as she has no means of living independently from him, due to lack of the ownership of assets. Feminism sees the free labour a woman undertakes whilst raising her children as an injustice as a capitalism will gain from the fruits if her labour, due to the belief that her children will be a beneficial asset to a capitalist society as prospective workers. Feminism also argues that the wife will provide support (which is classed as emotional labour) to her husband by Listening to his complaints about work, all the while appearing to be in agreement with him, thus soaking up all of his frustration, which will again allow him to go back to the workplace and provide the labour which benefits a capitalist society. (Scott, J, 1996) Evaluation Although Functionalism, Marxism and feminism are all in agreement in their belief that the family plays a major role in society, each theoretical perspective has an individual perceptions of what the family stands for. Functionalism which focuses on consensus within the nuclear family does not take into account the fact that the structure of the family unit has evolved over time, and in todays society that unit may consist of single parent families and same sex marriages and Marxists would argue that functionalism promotes the sustenance of an unfair system within a capitalist society as they ignore any inequalities that exist in society. Marxists would argue that rather than being a unit of harmony, the family is an institution which exists in a society that consists of conflict due to inequalities of power, class and ownership of property in a capitalist society, and that patriarchy within the family evolved in a capitalist society due to the husbands need to assert control over his family due to his lack of power within the workplace. However Feminists would argue that Marxism accepts the dominance of women within the family, and that patriarchy is an excuse for a husband to have control over his wife. However, although feminism advocates for equal rights of women to men, critics of feminism believe that feminists have a pessimistic view of the family, which does not accept the fact that some women in society embrace their role in the family which enables them to nurture their children and provide moral support to their husband. This critique is evident in Haralambos and Langley (2003:41) which states that Critics argue that feminists are preoccupied with the negative side of the family life. They ignore the possibility that many women enjoy running a home and raising children. Gender Roles (Task 2) Gender roles can be described as cultural and personal. We learn the roles that are deemed as acceptable by society, primarily, from the family and the culture we grow up in and then secondarily from outside influences. Gender roles have a huge impact on behaviour and define the way that both male and females think, speak, dress and communicate within society. Parents tend to treat male and female offspring differently, thus instilling the primary socialisation of gender roles in children from when they are born. where the preference of parents is concerned, male children can be deemed as having an edge over their female siblings as majority of parents (especially fathers) would prefer to have a male child rather than a female child as this allows for the continuance of the family name. Secondary gender socialisation in learned through the influences in society such as peers and the media. This is done through the way the children are spoken to and the toys they are given to play with. Boys will often appear more boisterous when playing will act out scenes related to heroism, whilst girls will often take on a more demure role when playing, seeming to act out roles relating to carrying out domestic chores and childrearing. As sited in Giddens (2006:460-461) The toys, picture books and television programmes experienced by young children all tend to emphasize differences between male and female attributes. Although the situation is changing somewhat, male characters tend to outnumber females in most childrens books, television programmes and films. Male characters tend to play more active, adventurous roles, while females are portrayed as passive, expectant and domestically orientated (Weitzman 1972; zammuner 1987; davies 1991) The gender roles that are embedding into boys and girls through primary and secondary socialisation when young influences the roles they adopt within the family unit. It has been suggested by functionalism that men and womens roles within the family are different. This can be evident in functionalisms view of the family. They focus on the belief that men perform instrumental roles, whilst women play an expressive role, and the fact that the consensus theory of functionalism saw education and professional qualification being afforded to the males within the family as they were to be the providers and would have a superior role which involved making all the decisions within the family, whilst it was deemed that females had no use for education as they were to remain at home and carry out the domestic chores within the house, and nurture and raise the children. Marxism too saw the woman taking on a more domestic and caring role, tending to her husbands needs and rearing their children, whilst the husband who was the patriarchal figure in the family unit who owned all their property, went out to work to provide for his family. However, as a result of the emerging feminist movements, womens roles within the family has taken on a more liberal view. Education and professional qualification are now achieved by both men and women. Things that affect the family unit are now discussed between the man and the woman within the home and decision are made in agreement. Housework is now done on more even terms between men and women, and although women still carry out slightly more household chores than men. As sited in Giddens (2006:760) Surveys have found that women still spend nearly 3 hours a day on average on housework (excluding shopping and childcare). This compares with the 1 hour 40 minutes spent by men. (Office of National Statistics 2003). Domestic Abuse (Task 3) Domestic abuse can be described as the oppression and dominance through threats and acts of physical harm against one family member by another. It is used as a means of control and can be exhibited in a variety of ways ( these being verbal and non verbal) which range from low level acts, e,g, cursing, pushing and continual harrassment for sex, to more physical acts such as, the pulling of hair, punching, kicking and in extreme cases, violence which results in death. Although domestic abuse is said to be a deviant for of behaviour that is majority of the time perpetrated by men against women, domestic abuse of men by their female partners is becoming more recognised even though many cases of male abuse goes unreported due to the fact that men see admission of being a victim of abuse as an a loss of masculinity. Giddens (2006:221) states Most violent episodes between spouses reported to the police involve violence by husbands against their wives. Feminists state that domestic abuse inflicted on women within the home is down to patriarchy. They believe that through patriarchy the man adopts a role within the home that allows him greater status to that of the woman. This is done through the chances, within, what they believe to be a male dominated society which are afforded to him as a man,e,g, ownership of property, the attainment of educational qualifications and wealth. Feminists are of an opinion that men use violence as a means of controlling a womans behaviour in terms of keeping her submissive. Scott (1996:157) states Theorists of patriarchy have directed the subordination of women and found Their explanation for it in the male need to dominate the female. However feminists fail to acknowledge the concept that women are also offenders of abuse against men. Society finds it hard to conceive that men can be a victim of abuse at the hands of a woman as since the beginning of society women have always been observed as the weaker sex. As stated in an article on Elizabethan Women Elizabethan society was patriarchal, meaning that men were considered to be the leaders and women their inferiors. Women were regarded as the weaker sex. (www.elizabethi.org/us/women) However Marxists who also view the man as the main perpetrator of domestic abuse gives a different argument for the cause. They believe that the man who works in a capitalist society uses violences within the home as a means of releasing the stress that surmounts from working in an industrialist society. They also say that the man who is oppressed within the workplace will come home and use violence to assert his authority within the home as unlike the workplace, the family is an institution where he has power. (Giddens,1997) Elder Abuse (Task 3) Abuse of elder members within the family is becoming more general. This type of abuse can be performed through deliberately disregarding the needs of the elderly, e.g., not providing basic care needs to those less able to care for themselves, being verbally abusive towards them or inflicting pain through actual physical violence which include pinching, biting, slapping and punching. It is hard to know just how common elder abuse is as the victims are less likely to report the abuse that they sustain from members of their family unit. (Scott,1996) . In Macionis and Palmers book Sociology, a global introduction (1998) they provide one explanation of elder abuse as being due to the fact that, more families take on the responsibility of caring for elderly members ( which can be stressful in terms of financial burden and increase in labour within the home) alongside going out to work and raising their own children. In their book they ask the question What motivates people to abuse the elderly? and gives the answer as often the cause lies in the stress of caring. Feminist Critiques of the Traditional Family When society talks about the traditional family, they are in fact refering to the Nuclear Family, which is said to be one of harmony. The nuclear familys structure is one that consists of, a father and mother who are joined in a marriage (that practices monogamy) and their children. Conservative thinkers are said observe the family as The Pillar of Society. The family is said to support a capitalist industry by reproducing the individuals who provide the labour for the institutions which are there to make huge profits from the goods that are produced by the workers. Patriarchy exists within the Nuclear family. The Man is said to be The head of the family, and any money that is earned or any property that is inherited or bought by the family is said to be his. He too makes all the decisions that relate to the family unit. The womans role within the family is said to be more of a domesticated one. She will take on majority if not all of the household chores, and this includes the rearing of children. She is said to be the figure in the family who is observed as the carer. Meeting the care and emotional needs of her children and supporting her husband within a capitalist society by ensuring that he arrives home to an environment that is condusive after a hard and stressfull day at work. (Haralambos and Langley, 2003:39). However feminists view the family diferent from that of a conservative, as they view it as one that consists of inequality, opression , patriarchy and violence. Patriarchy: Gender Feminists conceive that the family is the basis for patriarchal capitalism, which gives rise to the subjugation of women. Liberal feminists consider marriage to be a tradition which needs to be reformed as opposed to extinguishing it altogether. This is evident in Betty Friedans book The Feminine Mystique in which she declared that Women in their 60s were enslaved by domesticity because of the roles they played as mothers and wives. She advocated for an improved quality of life for women outside of spousal relationship. Division of labour/ Free labour: Marxists feminists believes that the division of labour that is undertaken within the family unit is an inequality women as they will provide majority of the childcare and carry out a great percentage if not all of the household chores. Feminists see this unpaid work within the home as an unfair as, the woman taking care of the home enables the man to go out to work and earn money to support his family, which reinforces the position he adopts as the head of the family. They are also of an opinion that this responsibility of care in the home reduces the womans ability to go out and work and earn money which would provide her with a means of independence. Feminists also argue the injustice of the domestic abuse that a woman is subjucted to in the home, even though she is the individual who provides the most support to all other members within the family unit. Gender Inequalities: In Feminist perspective on Reproduction and the family,feminist critics such as Susan Okin suggest that For women to have fair equality of oppurtinity the family need to be re-adjusted on gender terms. This is a general view which is taken by most feminists, as most families are based on inequality and oppression. Okin also stated that the family is a linchpin for gender injustice she also argue that, as women depended on men for almost everything due to patriarchy, this allow them to be subjected to physical, sexual or psychological abuse.(www.illc.uva.ni)

Slaughterhouse-Five :: Literary Analysis, Kurt Vonnegut

Slaughterhouse-Five, by Kurt Vonnegut was an anti-war book about the bombing of Dresden. The main theme of the book seemed to be fate, or that nobody has free will. Throughout the book, Billy, is randomly traveling in time. Whenever he has the opportunity to make a choice that would seem like the right, or intelligent thing to do, he does not, as he does not have the free will to make that choice. This also leads to Billy not caring about many things, knowing they will happen no matter what anybody does. As explained on the planet of Tralfamadore, Billy can not make any choices. The Tralfamadorians tell him that he lacks free will, saying "Only on Earth is there talk of free will" (109). One of the Tralfamadorians also said they were "trapped in another blob of amber" (108), referring to the fact that neither he or Billy can change anything in life, and that everything has been, is, and will be the same. The Tralfamadorians also know how the end of the universe will come. They will be testing their rocket fuel, and it will fail and destroy the entire universe. When Billy hears this, he asks "isn't there some way you can prevent it?" (149). The Tralfamadorians tell him that they cannot change it, as the pilot has always done it, and always will do it. This is likely when Billy finally loses all belief in the idea of free will. A main example of fate would be when Billy is on an airplane. In Slaughterhouse-Five, it states that "Billy, knowing the plane was going to crash pretty soon, closed his eyes, traveled in time back to 1944" (198). Soon after, "the plane smacked into the top of Sugarbush Mountain in Vermont. Everyone was killed but Billy and the copilot" (199). Instead of doing anything about it, Billy just waits for the plane to crash. If Billy had free will, he would have tried to warn the others on the plane, or not gotten onto it at all. Another good example of the lack of free will would be when Billy is about to die. Normally, someone would care about their death, but Billy does not. He locks up a tape in a safe-deposit box, saying "I, Billy Pilgrim, will die, have died, and always will die on February thirteenth" (180). Before he dies, he is giving a speech, and he knows that he will be assassinated.

Stonewall Jackson Essays -- essays research papers

Stonewall Jackson, born January 21, 1824 was one of the most famous confederate generals and one of the best officers to serve for General Robert E. Lee. But Jackson wasn’t just born a general, he earned it. Since his parents died when he was very young, life was very rough for him. He was raised by his uncle, Cummins Jackson, a miller who lived near what is now known as Weston, West Virginia. Later on, he was appointed to the U.S. Military Academy. He had to work several times harder than the other cadets to learn the lessons in school because of poor education when he was young. But his grades slowly increased until he graduated. He was said to have been in the upper third of his class. His military career had just begun. As soon as he received his commission as lieutenant of artillery...

Marine Resources Assignment

1) Five points from the executive summary that is not discussed in the video. The ocean of America benefits its people and those who relies on it. Problems regarding the proper maintenance and how to take good care of the ocean and the creatures living in it have arisen due to some circumstances. People have done a lot of things that harms the ocean. At first, these people did not recognize the negat6ive effect of their activities against them, but now that the problem has grown they fear that someday they will not benefit from the ocean anymore. Regarding this situation, people concerned have analyzed the cause of the problem and how it affects them. And from they information they have gathered from reviewing the cause of the problem, they come up with the possible solutions against the problem regarding the ocean and now they are trying to implement it with the aim of saving the ocean from possible destruction caused by their own activities. Some of the problems have already caused damage to the ocean and effects of it have also affected the people living within the said area. These problems have caused a lot of damage but from these damages people have realized their mistakes and are now trying to come up with it by doing their responsibilities well. From the proper actions done by the people who are concerned in saving the ocean from possible disaster, the ocean is now recovering from the previous damages it have suffered and still continues to regain what it may have lost from the past years. 2) Five points that are discussed I the video and are expanded in the summary. America relies on the ocean for a lot of substantial and vital things they need. Job opportunities for a lot of people living in the coastal area depend on the ocean to maintain their job for their families. Tourism also depends on the ocean because the shore of the ocean has been a recreational area for the past years. But now, the ocean faces major problem. The ocean is now being ruined by the people due to their improper activities which cause negative effects to the ocean. A lot of problems regarding the ocean occur. Some are very much affecting the ocean. Some of these problems exist naturally but a lot of these problems are caused by human recklessness. As we know our part, we should be capable and responsible of doing it well in order to keep our oceans in order. On the other hand, being reckless and irresponsible regarding our duties to protect the ocean causes destruction to the ocean where we got a lot of benefits. The developments of the coastal area are also affecting the ocean. These coastal developments have the tendency to destroy the sanctuary of a lot of marine creatures thus affecting the ecological balance of the ocean’s ecosystem. Another problem is the uncontrollable flow of oil to the ocean’s surface that endangers the lives of marine creatures. Also the population growth of the commercial fishes that lives in the ocean causes another problem because they tend to be a competitor for other marine creatures. Yet on the brighter side of the situation, light of hope exists as we see the improvement of the ocean and the survival of the creatures living in it. These are caused by the activities which are conducted to revive and relive the former healthy ocean we once have. From these lights of hope starts to do our part to resolve the problem and still hopes that from   this we will now be able to take care of oceans well.

Computer programs Essay

Computer programs that reside in a host computer’s memory and control its functionality, in order to obtain information residing on the host computer, are known as hostile code. Viruses like the Melissa, The Love Bug, Hybris, and CIH are the best examples of hostile code. The development of the internet has helped the release, transmission and effectiveness of hostile code and its rapid development (Robert J. Bagnall, March 14, 2001). Hostile code has been classified into three categories, namely, Viruses which are computer programs usually hidden within other seemingly harmless programs. These malicious programs reproduce and get embedded in other programs with the intention of performing some harmful action (Merriam-Webster OnLine, n. d). They spread from file to file on the same computer and not to other computers from that computer (Symantec, n. d). Worms, which are self contained programs that spread copies of it to other computer systems, via networks connections like the IRC or as email attachments. They replicate like viruses, but spread from computer to computer. They are much more dangerous than viruses because they spread faster and affect entire computer networks. Trojan Horses, which contain hidden commands within code resembling a useful program. They make the computer do what was not intended to be done by the user. They erase specific files; format hard disk drives, steal passwords and install server programs onto the infected computer in order to permit remote access. In order to tackle hostile code attacks, forensics use intrusion detection and incident response. Intrusions are suspicious computer activity these are dealt with by the following step wise procedure, preparation, detection, investigation, eradication, recovery and follow up. That such an attack is taking place can be assumed whenever, there are service slowdowns or malfunctions, web defacements, anonymous tips, etc. The aim will be to isolate and contain the attacker by setting up a so called victim machine or target subnet on the network. Once the IP Address is determined, then the source of the attacks can be determined. A few of the methods used in this process are the ping and traceroute facilities, suppose the IP Address is known but it is not in quad format then one can use the ping or traceroute detect the IP Address in the normal quad format. In case the domain name is known but not the IP Address or vice versa, then one can use the nslookup tool. This tool works with UNIX, Windows NT and Windows 2000. While, registering the domain name it is essential to furnish details of name and contact address. The whois utility is used to obtain contact information on a specific domain to obtain the contact details of all persons registered with them. One of the more well known of such utilities are provided by the Sam Spade Web site (http://samspade. org) and the one provided by Network Solutions. After the contact information is obtained a traceroute is run to determine the route that the data packets are following. In this manner the source of the hostile code can be determined (Heiser and Kruse, 2001). Sources Bagnall, Robert J.Computer Viruses & Security WARNING: Visual Basic, Active X, Java and other Mobile Code, Retrieved March 29, 2006 from http://membrane. com /security /java_and_cookies/notes/mobile_code_malware. html Merriam-Webster OnLine. Retrieved March 29, 2006, from the World Wide Web: http://www. m-w. com/cgi-bin/dictionary? virus Symantec. Retrieved March 29, 2006, from the World Wide Web: http://www. symantec. com/avcenter/virus. backgrounder. html Heiser, Jay G. and Kruse II, Warren G. Computer Forensics: Tracking an Offender. Addison – Wesley Professional. Boston MA.